Argument Essay Random Drug Testing

ARGUMENT ESSAY RANDOM DRUG TESTING Drug abuse has always been a very delicate question as it always it deals with the health, well-being and even lives of human beings belonging to any country. Many people have argued that mandatory drug testing is a violation of their civil rights guaranteed by the Constitution. The Fourth Amendment grants you the right against unreasonable searches and seizures, otherwise known as a person's right to privacy.However, employers have the right to know whether or not the people working under them are stable to do their jobs. Indeed, for safety of all the humans randomly drug testing is the best way to maintain the quality of the employees. Legalizing drug testing has provoked quite an upheaval. Advocates claim that employers have every right to expect their workers to be sober on the job, especially when safety and security are on the line.Although, those who oppose random drug testing, argue that testing positive may not necessarily mean that the emp loyee was intoxicated while working that all it proves is that they likely put a buzz on, someplace, sometime. So they all mean that randomly drug testing may interfere the employee`s personal life which is not really necessary to maintain his/her job safely. By the way ,this kind of un trustful behavior may damage the relationship between the employers and employees. However, drug addiction is a very complex illness that many people do not become aware of until it is too late.All people have different reasons for doing drugs that have this illness, but all of them have many things in common including: unreliability – a very common characteristic when diagnosed with a drug addiction problem, and depression – a state that degrades a person's state of life and causes a loss of interest in everything they do(Wilson). By the way, teenagers are out of high school over 80 percent of them have experimented with drugs and alcohol. When they move on past graduation and into the unsupervised years of college this shocking statistic even goes up.If it is so easy for minors to obtain illegal substances, a working adult has an even greater opportunity to acquire them. Countless people could be using drugs and alcohol on a regular basis that no one would even know about. Not more than one month goes by before you hear about some teenager dying in a car accident because of alcohol and his parents being shocked, or about neighbors that were stunned by a murder that happened in their neighborhood by a man who seemed to be just like everyone else. The truth is nobody can really know what someone is doing behind closed doors, and it could end up hurting someone else.Drug misuse is associated with domestic violence, increased involvement with crime and police and decline in work quality. Obviously these characteristics would not even make a close to feasible argument as to why a person like that would be a candidate for any job(Terry). Because no person in their rig ht state of mind would describe themselves in that manner during an interview, a simple drug test would show that information without anyone being hurt. It may vary depends on the situation because of that being prejudice about this topic may be conclude with the fire of your innocent and hard worker employee.Drug abuse is getting increase day by day and it brings many concerns for parents ,employers and school directors. Because of all the responsibility of the safety is on the leaders shoulders, we should accept all the things that they have been doing for the maintenance of safety. In this point of view, as it is not ethically true randomly drug testing may abused. Additionally, it may prevent the future danger possibilities which may cause the bankruptcy of the company(Danny, p. 53). Because of all these dangers a little bit of prevention would be ignored.Some people may reject these kind of checkups but they would logically accept because people may abuse things if they have ch ance. Finally, as an employer you have a responsibility to oversee the people that work for you and you are accountable for their actions on the job. Ethically, randomly drug testing may interfere the employees personal life it is essential to make it for the safety of the job. Because of the drug abuse is widely distributed and has many side effects on people`s daily life , employers have rights to check up their employees.It is only logical that they have the right to know whether or not their employees are capable of doing something that could hurt their company or the people who use their services, or whether they just wouldn't be productive enough to produce an acceptable quality of work. Sometimes we can do things which we do not prefer but because of the importance of situations may forced ourselves to do them. Work Cited Danny, Michael. Drug Warriors. London: London press,2009. Terry, Steve. Employments Drug. New York: Macmillan,2007. Wilson, John. Against To The Drug Addict ion. Los Angeles: Penguin,2005.

Challenges Facing Managers in Change Process

There are change management models and research still relevant for the 21st Century. The problem however is not with their relevance or their worth, the problem and challenge facing organizational leaders, organizational development experts and researchers relate to the speed and complexity of change required today. (Mildred Golden Pryor, Sonia Taneja, John Humphreys, Donna Anderson, Liza Singleton – Challenges facing change management 2008). Today, change is constant and organization leaders who anticipate change rapidly and responsibly are successful. However, organizational leaders who anticipate change and invent the future are even more successful because those who invent the game are the leaders in their industry, however there are other organizations that are just followers and adapt to change while there are those that do not even survive. According to MTD Training of 2010, in business, change means moving from one way of doing things to another way of doing them. Not every change has to be managed; every organization will need to make a decision about whether or not to employ change management strategies based, in part on how much risk would be associated with not doing so. Change management is an approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations to a desired future state. It is to make something different. You can cause something to change, or you can bring change upon yourself. (Mildred et al, 2008) The process of change impacts on the whole organization and on all individuals working there. Change processes majorly influence: what the organization does, the way the organization does things, the way all business units of the organization communicate and share information, (Problems in Managing Change, Oliver Recklies). This is the manager’s challenge to make things work. Human resource management has an important role in any change process. Change always needs people: for developing objectives, for identifying the need for change, for developing solutions and for implementing these solutions. Technology can support and influence change, but it can never replace people. Still people are to operate the machines, make and implement decisions, not technology or machines. Another challenge of managing change is that there is no chance to ‘undo’ mistakes once they were made. If you allocate resources in an inefficient way, you still have the option to provide additional resources in order to achieve your objective, but there might be wasted resources due to misallocation. If you once failed to make your employees participate in the change process, motivate them into accepting the changes, you will hardly be able to motivate them again. The figure below shows clearly the complexity and scope of change management: Managing change is a challenge that involves coordinating different areas in the organization and the Human Resource has to help employees own the changes alongside quality management, project management, corporate development and usually with a lot to do in Information Technology to have a new, changed organization. Planning and managing change, both cultural and technological, is one of the most challenging elements of a manager's job (Prosci, Neutralizing change threats in the New Year, 2008). Despite these challenges, managers need to be aware that organizations change in a number of dimensions that often relate to one another and can take any direction in the organization. These dimensions include †¢Extent of planning: Although experts differ about how much change can be planned, managers still need to take steps to set up conditions that permit and even encourage change to occur. Degree of change: Changes may be incremental (relatively small, involving fine?tuning processes and behaviors within just one system or level of the organization) or quantum (significant change altering how a company operates). †¢Degree of learning: This dimension relates to the degree to which organizational members are actively involved in learning how to plan and implement change while helping solve an existing problem. †¢Target of change: Organizational change programs can vary with respect to the hierarchical level or functional area of which the change is targeted. Some changes are designed to influence top management and assist them in becoming stronger leaders. Other change programs may involve basic learning, such as customer services techniques for lower level employees. †¢Organization's structure: If it is very stiff and bureaucratic, there may be a need for emphasis on policies, procedures, and rules. Some organizations are very stiff and bureaucratic and may need to â€Å"loosen up. † Other organizations may suffer from lack of organization structure. They may need to emphasize policies, procedures, and rules. Regardless of which forces that cause organizations to see the need for change, organizational leaders, including managers, continue to struggle to maintain or increase their company’ competitive advantage as rapid changes occur from both the external and internal environments. One of the challenges managers face is successfully implementing initiatives that will lead to change and reactions to the fairness of the change implementation, specifically whether the implementation process was handled fairly or not. Cobb et al – 1995) A 2007 benchmarking study â€Å"Best Practices in Change Management† identified poor support and alignment with middle management as one of the big challenges in managing change. This followed other factors considered as obstacles to change including; ineffective sponsorship and resistance from employees. Managers may resist change and this implies not effectively supporting their employees through change. One of the main culprits for thi s obstacle is the manager dilemma. The manager dilemma is a result of two forces at work on managers and supervisors during times of organizational change. First, managers and supervisors are themselves being impacted by the change and they must embrace, internalize and adopt the change to their own work. Second, they must support their employees during the change as well, helping them to embrace and adopt the new solution. During changes in the organization, the managers are often wearing both the â€Å"agent of change† hat and the â€Å"recipient of change† hat. Add to these challenges the fact that middle and front-line managers are critical to sustaining the day-to-day operations of the business and often feel overloaded with that task alone. This could lead to unprofessional management of stakeholders affected by change. Project teams, support functions (like communication, Human Resource, training and development groups) and senior leaders often only wear the â€Å"agent of change† hat, while front-line employees and those who ultimately adopt the change wear only the â€Å"recipient of change† hat. Managers and supervisors wear both hats and the result being that they have the most difficult role in times of change. Unfortunately, their duel role is often overlooked and neglected to the detriment of project and employee well-being. Workload and speed of change process becomes too big for the manager. Resistance to change is a very big challenge to managers, this is due to reasons like the proposed change ppearing to violate values/ethics or culture generally, the inertia may already exist in the system and change is not easily blended in, the proposed changes may represent uncertainty in different dimensions, there may also be a misunderstanding of proposed changes, fear of loss usually on the side of stake holders, threat of security of organizational members or employees in terms of their jobs, also when personal antagonism exists among group members, when there is lack of confidence in the change sponsor(s) or the change agent(s), lack of participation among team members, fa ilure to see the need for change, when timing is very poor, when there is a disruption of social relationships, at times the proposed change could also upset power balances, resistance may also be due to informal organizational pressure against the change, sometimes a belief that the change is a form of criticism about the way things have been done could cause resistance and sometimes there is a perception that benefits may result if there is a strong resistance to change. Resistance may be a very big challenge that the manager alone may not be able to handle alone. Sometimes managers delegate the whole responsibility to manage the change to employees and only expect to get progress reports from them; this usually may become a very big challenge if things do not go as planned or if the employee does not understand the whole change. The employee does not actually have a responsibility to manage change, the employee's responsibility is to do their best, which is different for every person and depends on a wide variety of factors like health, maturity, stability, experience, personality, motivation, etc. Responsibility for managing change is with management and executives of the organization and they must manage the change in a way that employees can cope with it. The manager has a responsibility to facilitate and enable change, and all that is implied within that statement, especially to understand the situation from an objective standpoint which may mean to ‘step back', and be non-judgemental, and then to help people understand reasons, aims, and ways of responding positively according to employees' own situations and capabilities. Increasingly the manager's role is to interpret, communicate and enable and not to instruct and impose, which nobody really responds to well. Some managers are misunderstood when they introduce change; this is also a challenge that might lead to conflict with employees. Using expressions like mindset change', and ‘changing people's mindsets' or ‘changing attitudes', often indicates a tendency towards imposed or enforced change and it implies strongly that the organization believes that its people currently have the ‘wrong' mindset, which is never the case. If people are not approaching thei r tasks or the organization effectively, then the organization has the wrong mindset, not the people. Change such as new structures, policies, targets, acquisitions, disposals, re-locations, etc. , all create new systems and environments, which need to be explained to people as early as possible, so that people's involvement in validating and refining the changes themselves can be obtained. Management may lack the necessary training, empathy and facilitative capability which are priority areas since managers are crucial to the change process, it becomes a bigger challenge if managers merely convey and implement policies from above without knowing much about them and because people and teams need to be empowered to find their own solutions and responses, with facilitation and support from managers, and tolerance and compassion from the leaders and executives, management and leadership style and behaviour are more important than clever process and policy. Employees need to be able to trust the organization and it becomes the manager’s challenge to ensure there is trust between. Managers must agree and work with these ideas, or change is likely to be very painful, and the best people might be lost in the process. In some situations, when people are confronted with the need or opportunity to change, especially when it's ‘enforced', as they may see it, by the or ganization, they can become emotional and so can the managers who try to manage the change. This challenge may require diffusing the emotional feelings, taking a step back and encouraging objectivity, to enable sensible and constructive dialogue. This is the managers’ and trainers’ challenge to find a solution with help of analogies to assist themselves and other staff to look at change in a more detached way. Just as the state of ‘unconscious incompetence', needs to be developed into ‘conscious competence' to provide a basis for training, so is a person's subjective emotion need to be developed into objectivity before beginning to help them handle change. Some managers are not patience and tolerant enough when managing change and yet it is a challenge where the manager is required to help people in these situations to see things differently, bit by bit. This sort of gradual staged change can be found everywhere in the living world. Strong resistance to change is often rooted in deeply conditioned or historically reinforced feelings that require a lot of patience and tolerance towards the people to whom change is being introduced to, the managers ought to have these qualities if they are to manage the change process effectively. It was discovered that people who easily welcome change are not generally the best at being able to work reliably, dependably and follow processes. The reliability/dependability capabilities are directly opposite character traits to mobility or adaptability capabilities. Managers may face the challenge of such people to ensure they can be reliable. Certain industries and disciplines have a high concentration of staff who need a strong reliability/dependability personality profile, for example, health services and nursing, administration, public sector and government departments, utilities and services; these sectors will tend to have many staff with character profiles who find change difficult and as a manager, to help them into change is your challenge. Age is another factor. Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory helps to understanding that people's priorities and motivations are different depending on their stage of life. The manager needs to understand people's needs, at different age levels to better be able to manage change, however, this can be a very big challenge for managers especially dealing with older people who are usually rigid and do not believe anything other than what they already know. People's strengths and weaknesses differ and not everyone welcomes change. It requires time to understand the people you are dealing with, and how and why they feel like they do, before you take action, but the manager may not have that time especially if they are faced with such a rapidly changing world, where a delay might give competitors a chance to override and gain a very big competitive edge. This may be a challenge that requires high skill level and competence for the manager. Managers today have a challenge of fast changing environments where by planning, implementing and managing change in a fast-changing environment is increasingly the situation in which most organizations now work. Dynamic environments such as these require dynamic processes, people, systems and culture, especially for managing change successfully, effectively optimizing organizational response to market opportunities and threats. Some organizations may not have capacity to be dynamic due to different reasons and therefore managers face the bigger challenge. In his book, Change management, 2010, Prof. Dr. Olaf Passeheim identified a challenge due to technological changes today. The International and dynamic situation of the global market has created a big need for change, and this has created a challenge of deregulations which have increased the competitive pressure and minimized monopoly power. Managers today work in such very rapid environment where the organization itself might not be in a position to go with the pace, for example, telecommunication companies like MTN, if it does not have financial capacity to afford the required equipments and software that go with the trend or the required skills to operate them. In any case, the manager has to find a way, or lose the game, an impact that may last and could permanently damage the company. Economic ups and downs are a big challenge, they have such a huge impact on organizations and markets for example, the most recent financial crisis that led to cutbacks and reduced employment, managers face the challenge of neutralizing the situation and making necessary change decisions to cope with the situation. (Passeheim – Change Management 2010) Changes in an organization where workforce is never static for example due to changes in gender, age, education, in and out employees create challenges for managers to go with changes because there will always be a need to redesign work, jobs and working groups, to ensure matching job requirements and skills. High financial costs of replacing, upgrading or buying new equipments which the organization may not be in position to procure, this will delay change process for a cost restrictive business. New systems may also fail and the organization is forced to sell the new equipments at reduced prices, pay employees for redundancy or dismiss them with a package because computers replaced them, training that comes with a cost, managers may have to resist implementation of any changes to cut on the costs involved, a decision that might challenge his capacity as a manager. Lack of analysis of strategic and operative challenge in changing the organization, some managers might blindly decide to make changes without analyzing the weight it holds. Some managers consider strategic plans unimportant and in a way ignore what the operative system is like, changes that are not strategically planned may become disastrous as things are only done as they come, operations may be guess work and yet change is something to be handled with care. There may be some unprofessional use of methods in change process as a result. Insufficient problem awareness, if the manager is trying to go through a change process, but does not exactly know the current problems that may have led to the need for change, it will be a very big challenge for him to make the right and appropriate decisions to implement the changes. Insufficient communication in the organization, if departments and employees do not freely and regularly communicate and even the manager is not interactive enough with employees, yet they ought to know what goes on around, change might come as a surprise for many who may not know why it came, many might resist it or just follow blindly and this could greatly compromising quality. Lack of control by managers, it is a challenge if the manager does not have control over employees, operations, systems due to several factors like limitation from superiors or lack of control skills. In such situation, the manager will find it difficult to even bring about change in the organization. Managing through Change – MTD Training and ventus publishing 2010, suggests other challenges that managers are likely to face in the change process, these include thus: ?Key staff may leave Market place changes may make your new initiative more urgent or less important ?Budget cuts may put a freeze on resources that u are dependant upon for implementation of change ?Legal regulations or requirements might change requiring an adoption to your plan ?Consumer response may fail to meet expectations requiring to reconsider your choice ?Competitors may act in ways that require you to revisit your objectives or vision ?Unexpected technology barrier may arise ?Costs, time, requirements or staff hour requirements may begin to exceed estimates. As manager, facing the above discussed challenges, one may have to scale back, expand or abort the change and any expected outcomes. Flexible is an essential requirement if the company is to survive in a competitive world today.

The story of DDT and Malaria (History Essay) Essay - 1

The story of DDT and Malaria (History ) - Essay Example At the end of World War II the technological advancements that were a product of the war began to filter into the commercial economy. The growing demand for food brought about the need for chemicals to grow, preserve, and package food products as agriculture moved from the family farm and into large-scale operations. This era witnessed the introduction of DDT at a time when its long-term effects were unknown, and in 1950 the US House of Representatives opened hearings to investigate the use of chemicals and additives to food products.3 In 1962 Rachel Carson wrote her landmark book Silent Spring, which brought about public scrutiny in regards to the safety of the fertilizer, insecticide, and pesticide programs that were being used in domestic agriculture. Since that time the US has escalated their drive to monitor the use of chemicals in the food chain and have maintained a policy of the evaluation and licensing the use of hazardous chemicals with the goal of creating safer consumer p roducts. While this policy has brought thousands of products under the scrutiny of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), DDT was one of the first and most visible victims of this program. During the 1950s the World Health Organization (WHO) pursued a policy of widespread use of DDT in Asia, Latin America, and Africa in an effort to eliminate the mosquitoes that transmitted the deadly disease of malaria. By 1971 the WHO estimated that as many as 1 billion people had been freed from the risk on contracting malaria.4 However, there were dangers lurking in the shadows of this success. Because there was a chance of the insects building up a resistance to DDT over time, it was necessary to spray the infected areas on a regular and diligent schedule. In addition, the WHO failed to account for several variables that worked against the program. Local bureaucratic governments failed to spray regularly, infected individuals imported the disease,

Martin Luther King The World House Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Martin Luther King The World House - Essay Example This paper examines the â€Å"world house† to provide an analysis of the value and other fundamental assumptions. The article conceptualizes people to live in two realms, the internal, and the external. The inside has spiritual ends characterized by morals and values while outside is characterized by technology. Materialism subjugates the inner man hindering the growth of the soul. Thoreau, as quoted in School life website, agrees with this in his report to summarise the present life, â€Å"improved means to an improved end† (School life web). It is true that modernization block spiritual growth, which in return nurtures people with a selfish character that do not for their fellow human beings have to go through every day. A 2007 study on racism shows that racism continues to pervade Americans society and that law by the state do not play their role in its prevention (ACLU web). Therefore, the idea of encouraging countries to fight poverty and other problems in developi ng countries is pertinent. As Luther presents the problem of poverty that may inhibit people to live in the world house properly, he presents the extent to which poverty is sinking in neighborhoods. Well, it may not be true that two-thirds of the world go to bed hungry every night, but at least a substantial number have no homes and go to bed hungry. The impression he makes by his quest to solve this poverty problem is that every person has the caring heart like him and will work towards ending poverty. The resources available to the rich nations can help developing countries come up with the key to end poverty. However, are they willing to help? Martin appeals to the audience using his trustworthy character, emotions, and logical reasoning.

Projections of Body Shop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Projections of Body Shop - Essay Example Income Statement 2002(GBP) 2002(% sales) 2003(GBP) 2003(% sales) 2004(GBP) 2004(% Sales) Turnover 413.1 100 428.5 100 442.6 100 Cost of Sales 158.3 39 168.1 39.2 182.3 39.2 Gross Profit 254.8 61 260.4 60.3 260.3 58.8 Operating Expenses excluding exceptional costs 209.3 45.4 228.1 46.1 239.7 42.3 exceptional costs 0 0 0 0 0 0 restructuring costs 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net interest expense 0.9 0 1.8 1.5 2.3 1.9 Profit Before Tax 4.1 5.3 16.44 4.1 15.5 2.9 Tax Expense 10 4.2 7.8 5.7 2.1 0.88 Profit(loss) after tax 2.1 3.8 13.2 7.1 6.1 3.7 Ordinary dividends 14 5 18 4.1 11 4.1 Profit ( loss retained) 19 4.7 8.1 7.4 3.2 4.1 Income Statement 2005(GBP) 2005(% sales) 2006(GBP) 2006(% sales) Turnover 479.2 100 502.8 100 Cost of Sales 208.1 43 238.6 47.45 Gross Profit 271.1 57 264.2 52.65 Operating Expenses excluding exceptional costs 242.1 47.1 267.2 50.3 exceptional costs 0 0 0 0 restructuring costs 0 0 0 0 Net interest expense 1.1 0 0 1.8 Profit Before Tax 2.9 3.1 7.3 9.2 Tax Expense 2.7 3.1 19.1 10.7 Profit(loss) after tax 5.1 6.2 9.8 7.1 Ordinary dividends 7.3 6.8 9.9 5.1 Profit ( loss retained) 14.1 9.1 6.2 8.2 A brief analysis of the historical data reveals that Financially The Body Shop is on a sound footing financially and was so until the purchase by L'Oreal. There is a healthy growth in the Turnover averaging around 8%. The cost of sales rarely exceed 40% leaving a fairly healthy margin to work with. That margin is again reflected in the fact that the gross profit is consistently around the 60% mark. And except during a couple of years where there were exceptional costs and restructuring costs , there is a healthy profit before tax. Hence the decision to delist body Shop ( an automatic event on... Body Shop is in a unique position of not having to market itself in the conventional sense because of it’s strong customer base. It has a strong following   of loyal customers , because among others , it’s percieved social values. The political issues which it has attached itself include being 100% vegetarian and not use animal testing. Using Environmentally Friendly products and champion other social causes like AIDS. Even Anita Roddick , on her deathbed ( she died recently of Hepatitis C) was actively campaigning   A recent stockholder survey   revealed what the stock holders think.   Some of the responses were â€Å"The way that the Body Shop strives to produce open, honest and fair annual report and accounts and interim reports, and manages to send them out to shareholders reasonably promptly.† â€Å"Would not like the Body Shop to stop its social audit. In fact would like more info in audit.†Ã‚   â€Å"Asking for opinions, such as this.† â€Å"The format of the Annual Report.† â€Å"Keep the campaigning and values but improve the marketing. No more paperwork than at present.†Ã‚   â€Å"Thank you for not producing huge, glossy reports – a waste of paper and always a sign of desperation†In other words the group of people who are Body shop shareholders are from the same set of people who are it’s customers. It has a unique market which is very strong.The weaknesses which maybe exposed now , because of the the purchase of the Company by Loreal is that all key decisions and strategy were centered around Anita and Gordon Roddick.

Faith School in UK Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Faith School in UK - Assignment Example However,the religious organization associated with it contributes to the cost of building the school and influences the running of the school. Finally, a faith school is a state-funded school in the United Kingdom that has recognized links with a religious organization, and its teachings are those stipulated in the general curriculum. A faith school usually contains a group of people who share the same religion and thoughts. There are many of these schools in the UK such as Muslim Faith School, Christian, Jewish and Hindu. Some people advocate the existence of faith schools in our society while others, who have a different point of view, claim that the government should not allow faith schools in the UK. Although state-funded faith schools are mostly run like the other state schools in the UK and are subjected to the same curriculum other than religious studies, they are free to teach their religion (Gibbons and Silva, 2006). Gibbons and Silva argue that the indoctrination of students in state-funded faith schools goes on without the state interfering. The students of such schools grow into the faith associated with the organization that sponsors the school. Faith schools generally ‘give priority to the applicants who belong to the faith of the school and are allowed to do that by some of the specific exemptions found in the section 85 of the UK Equality Act 2010’ (Equality Act, 2010). However, the law requires state-funded faith schools to admit other applicants in line with the school admissions code whenever they are unable to fill all their places with the applicants who belong to the faith of the school. In the recent past, unfair discriminatory admissions and employment policy of most faith schools have returned considerable argument due to its potential negative impacts on the social cohesion and ethnic integration. This essay will discuss whether the government should allow

Brain injiury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Brain injiury - Essay Example Stroke- This one refers to the injury that occurs as a result of a vascular event. Traumatic injury- This refers to the damage that takes place when a force from the outside traumatically causes injury to the brain cells. Acquired injury- This is the last form of injury and it refers to one that takes place after birth not considering if it is traumatic or not. It also regardless to whether it has been caused by external or internal cause. Research shows that the number of people who are suffering from brain injury is high because there are those who live with this situation while there are those who sustain new injuries every year (Ayse, 2013, 25). Brain damage usually affects an individual emotionally, physically and behaviorally. Some of the causes of Brain injury include: Falls Bomb blast or a military attack Violence or a wound as a result of a gunshot. Accidents such as those involving motor vehicles Insufficient oxygen in the body Body inflammation There are various ways to kn ow an individual who is suffering from brain damage because there are some behavioral activities shown by them (Bickley, Hogan-Quigley ans Palm, 2012, 38). Some of the symptoms of brain damage therefore include: Difficult coordination of balance in the body Headaches Blurred vision in both eyes or a single one Changes in patterns of sleep Lack of bladder control Seizures These are some of the physical symptoms shown by individuals who are suffering from brain injury (Wilson, 2008, 56). Apart from these symptoms, there are emotional changes that are also revealed by individuals suffering from this injury. These symptoms include: Confusion Poor concentration Mood swings Communication troubles Attention span that is limited Changes in personality These are among many emotional changes that are seen in individuals who are suffering from brain damage. This project seeks to show how individuals suffering from brain injury are taken care of. In this case, the project will look at how a pat ient suffering from traumatic brain injury was taken care of and how he was provided with all the things necessary to help him get better with his situation. There are many things that have to be taken into consideration when taking care of a traumatic brain injury patient (Karlsson, 2013, 323). Traumatic Brain injury abbreviated as TBI is a health problem which is known to be a major one in the public. It is known to affects male adolescents and young adults who are in the age gap of 15 and 24. It is also a common health problem among the elderly people who are of 75 years and above. Young children who are below the age of 5 are also at a risk of suffering from this health problem. Having in mind that this patient was suffering from a traumatic brain injury, it is clear that it was an external cause that led to this damage. The level of this injury was mild because this patient was not able to experience he was suffering from this after some time. This gives a clear impression that the hit was not hard in that the patients was not able to realize that he was suffering from brain damage. While having a talk with the patient, we realized that these are some of the symptoms he had. Ringing in the eras, dizziness, bad taste in the mouth, confusion, headache and change in sleeping patterns (Vries, 2013, 38). These are actually some of the sympt

When Science and Christianity Meet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

When Science and Christianity Meet - Essay Example According to the paper the Bible introduces the main characters in the story of creation. These are God and a man. God is introduced as the Almighty Creator with the power to speak things into existence. The creation story teaches us that man was created from soil before God breathed into him. Therefore, God is the author of creation and the source of life. While the truth has been contested through science, the story of creation appeals to reality given its explanation of the regeneration of mankind. The Bible tells us that God was pleased with creation. The modern education system has not been able authoritatively refute that. The story explains the fall of man and the beginning of suffering. Morality is first introduced in through the fall of man when the serpent deceived Adam.  From this study it is clear that the story shows that God keeps His word and promises. The life and occurrences after the fall of man set the stage for suffering. They also show why God had to redeem man kind. God introduced the Law of Moses to familiarize His nature to the children of Israel. The law revealed His preferences. However, the law never solved the problem of enmity between God and man. God had to send Jesus to come and be a sacrifice for the sin. Most of the ancient prophets left records which have been authenticated scientifically to be true. A telling example is the Dead Sea scrolls. This gives the Bible credibility and authority in the determination of the place of God in life.

Full Day Kindergarten Essay Example for Free

Full Day Kindergarten Essay Full day kindergarten should be mandatory and of no extra cost for all of the elementary schools. This will boost the children’s academic achievement. The children that are exposed to full day kindergarten will learn more in literacy and mathematics than those in half-day kindergarten. The students that are in a full day program get to spend more time on their math, writing, and reading activities. The full day students also get the advantage of being able to participate in gym, art, and music classes. The half-day students do not get to experience gym, art, or music class. I have seen results first hand because I chose to put my son in a full day kindergarten versus the half-day. I chose to bring my son to a school that is located in Fridley so that he could receive the benefits of the full day kindergarten. The half-day program that Blaine offers has a very undesirable schedule for parents who work. The half-day schedule for Blaine elementary school is full days Mondays, Wednesdays, and every other Friday. I think that the earlier the educational intervention begins the higher the impact and the more likely the effects will be retained. Other than the health of a child, I think that nothing should be more important than their education. Giving children the opportunity to be in a full day kindergarten program gives them opportunities that the half-day students do not receive. One of the opportunities is being able to spend more time on reading, writing, and math. The teachers also have more time to sit one on one with each student one or in small groups and work on these skills. They also have a different theme for each month that they focus on. Some examples of the themes are the solar system, U. S.  presidents, maps, and the celebrations around the world. Children also absorb things more easily when they are younger. Being a mother of a full day kindergarten student, I see the results of the extra reading, writing, and math that the teacher does with him. My son is one of the youngest in his class and he is reading at a first grade level. As for his writing, he attempt to write big words using phonics. For example, I came home one day a few months ago and he had written on his dry erase board â€Å"I see a red ladebug†. He also brought home a worksheet that he had written about his favorite fruits. On this worksheet, he had written â€Å"watrmlon†. As far as his math goes, he is always measuring things in the house with a kid’s yard ruler. The themes that they work on each month give the students the ability to know what is going on in the world around them. My son came home from school one day and told me that there was a planet that was not considered a planet anymore. I did not know this and I was in complete awe. According to Debra Ackerman, â€Å"Children in full day kindergarten programs score higher on their achievement test than those in half-day programs. Full-day kindergarten advocates suggest that a longer school day provides educational support that ensures a productive beginning school experience and increases the chances of future school success. In both full-day and half-day programs, kindergartners spend most of their class time working on reading, language arts, and math activities, but the total number of minutes teachers devote to specific subjects differs. For example, 80 percent of full day but only about 50 percent of half-day programs devote more than 30 minutes each day to mathematics instruction. Sixty-eight percent of full day but only 37 percent of half-day classrooms dedicate at least 60 minutes to reading instruction each day. Perhaps most striking, 79 percent of full-day teachers read aloud to their students every day, compared to 62 percent of half-day teachers. Reading aloud is a critical activity in helping to develop children’s reading skills. Additional research shows children’s literacy learning is enhanced in full-day programs, as the full-day schedule provides a more intensive, ongoing, enriched language and literacy experience for the young child. † (Ackerman) Children in full day kindergarten programs score higher on their achievement test than those in half-day programs. I asked my son’s kindergarten teacher, Ms. Janssen, what the average for reading was for her class. Ms. Janssen stated that the majority of her students are already in the first grade reading level as of the end of the second trimester. As said by the Indiana Association of Public School Super Intendants, â€Å"Full day kindergarten programs are associated with greater reading achievement gains during the kindergarten year than half day programs†. (Plucker, 6) The students are graded on their writing and math abilities as well. According to the Kalamazoo Public Schools reports, â€Å"The group of kindergartners advanced in 2010 to first grade at Kalamazoo Public School, where 60 percent tested at or above the 50th percentile in reading on the Iowa Test of Basic Skills last April. That’s a 7-point increase compared to Kalamazoo Public School first-graders tested in April 2009, Rice said. On the Iowa Test Basic Skills math test, 52 percent of first-graders tested at or above the 50th percentile last spring, a 12-point jump over spring 2009. The Iowa Test of Basic Skills are administered in schools nationwide and is a norm-referenced test, which means scores are based on how students perform compared to other test-takers. The Kalamazoo Public School results show that 60 percent of Kalamazoo students are in the top half of first-graders nationwide in reading and 52 percent are in the top half in math. † (Mack) Children who are in full day kindergarten have better social and behavioral effects than those who are in half-day kindergarten. When children are in school for the full day they have more time to get to know the other students. They get more time to interact together socially and they are learning while they are interacting. The students also get to go to specialists and they go with their classmates. Some of the specialists that Hayes Elementary offers are music, art, Spanish, and gym. Going to the specialist is something that the full day kindergarteners get to do and the half-day kindergarteners do not get to do. These students also get to spend more time with the teacher. This means that they will be less hesitant to approach their teacher. According to Clark, â€Å"Some researchers have examined social and behavioral effects. According to researchers, a clear relationship emerged between the kindergarten schedule and childrens behavior. Teachers rated children in all-day kindergarten programs higher on 9 of the 14 dimensions; there were no significant differences on the other 5 dimensions. Other researchers who have studied social and behavioral outcomes found that children in all-day kindergarten programs were engaged in more child-to-child interactions and they made significantly greater progress in learning social skills†. (Clark) In the kindergarten classrooms of Hayes Elementary, the students get into groups called centers. During this center time, the teacher takes a group of five students to a table to do independent reading and the rest of the students go to a center. The centers are groups of three or four students and the students get to interact socially while doing something educational. Some examples of the centers are writing center, listening center, leapster center, and art center. The writing center is where the students can write freely. The listening center is where the students put on headphones, listen to directions, and write down what they hear. The leapster center is where the students get to play a handheld learning game that integrates math, reading, and spelling in the games. Finally, the art center is where the students get to draw and color what they want. When the time is up the students clean up as groups. A full day of learning offers many social and emotional benefits to kindergarteners. As stated by NEA, â€Å"They have more time to focus and reflect on activities, and they have more time to transition between activities. When children are taught by qualified teachers, using age-appropriate curricula in small classes they can take full advantage of the additional learning time—social, emotional, and intellectual— that a full day allows. Further, research finds that children adjust well to the full-day format. † (NEA) The full day kindergarten teachers plan and use the extra time in class well. The time in class is spent differently in both the full day kindergarten and the half-day kindergarten. According to the research that the Indiana Association of Public School Superintendents, â€Å"The research provides evidence that time in full day kindergarten programs is different both quantitatively and qualitatively from how time is used in half day programs† (Plucker, ii). Full day kindergarten offers benefits to teachers. Teachers prefer the full day program to the half-day program. If there is a child that is struggling with something, the teacher has the ability to find time to help that student. There is also more time to finish activities. According to Ms. Janssen, â€Å"With the full day program I am able to get through four reading groups versus two reading groups in one day. With the full day program we are able to go more in depth on our unit that we focus on in class. † (Janssen) According to the NEA, â€Å"Switching to full-day kindergarten gave teachers more time to plan the curriculum, incorporate a greater number of thematic units into the school year, and offer more in-depth coverage of each unit. † (NEA) In the half-day programs there is less time for multiple activities. According to Dr. Martinez, â€Å"Many kindergarten teachers favor full day kindergarten because they find it difficult to balance cognitive activities and affective social activities in the short kindergarten day. † (Martinez, 2) Teachers also prefer full day kindergarten because there is more instructional time than that of a half-day kindergarten program. As stated by the Indiana Association of Public School Superintendents, â€Å" Across all of the schools in the Indiana sample, the proportion of instructional time is similar across program types, resulting in much greater instructional time in full day programs, representing approximately 40-50% more instruction in full day programs than half-day programs†. (Plucker, ii) Teachers also have the benefit of getting to know the students and their parents better. According to Dr. Martinez, â€Å"Teachers state that they have a chance to know children and parents better, to do more individualization of instruction, and to expand the curriculum horizontally. † (Dr. Martinez) There are so many benefits for the children. A very important benefit is that the full day kindergarteners have the opportunity to an easier transition into the first grade because they are already used to the full day schedule. The time that the students get to spend with the teacher is a great benefit as well. The extra time that is spent with the teacher is as much beneficial for the teacher as it is for the students. According to the research from Dr. Martinez, â€Å"Teachers thought children developed closer relationships and were more relaxed in the full-day program and felt more a part of the school. Teachers indicated they were able to give more individual attention to students and that children had more time to develop both academic and socialization skills. Teachers noted they could work more on the continuing development of each child and felt children showed more advancement. Teachers indicated they felt closer to the children and that they got to know both child and family better. Some indicated in the full day they felt more flexible, were more relaxed and spontaneous, and felt better prepared to meet with parents. † (Dr. Martinez, 6) The time that the students get to spend on activities is another great benefit. According to NEA, â€Å"in a study evaluating teachers’ views on full-day kindergarten, teachers reported a number of benefits for themselves as well as children and parents. Participating in full day eased the transition to first grade, helping children adapt to the demand of a six-hour day. Having more time available in the school day offered more flexibility and more time to do activities during free choice times. Having more time actually made the kindergarten program less stressful and frustrating for children because they had time to fully develop an interest in activities. Participating in  the full-day schedule allows more appropriate academic challenges for children at all developmental levels. Children with developmental delays or those at risk for school problems benefited from having more time to complete projects and more time for needed socialization with peers and teachers. † (NEA) Full day kindergarten offers more benefits to the students that are at risk and children that come from educational and economical disadvantaged homes. If the full day kindergarten programs cost money, as most do, they cost around 3000 dollars per child for the year. The 3000 dollars is charged to the parents of the child. The children that come from the educationally and economically disadvantaged homes would not be able to attend because of the cost. These children are the ones that benefit from the program the most. According to the Indiana Superintendents, â€Å"Students at or below the poverty level enrolled in full day kindergarten scored statistically significantly higher in math and reading than their half day counterparts. Poor children enrolled in full day kindergarten programs tested statistically significantly above half day pupils on reading, spatial, and verbal skills, naming colors and letters, and identifying numerals. †(Plucker, 6) Parents prefer full day kindergarten as well. I as a mother prefer the full day kindergarten program to the half-day program. One of the advantages is that I do not have to figure out childcare and who would bring my son to the childcare. Trying to figure out childcare and school between my job schedule would be undesirable. As said by Dr. Martinez, â€Å"Full-day kindergarten saves parents day-care problems, while providing children a comprehensive, developmentally-appropriate program. Parents said that children often feel more stress when they have to go from a school situation to a day-care environment, where different rules and philosophies apply. Therefore, parents favor a full-day program, which reduces the number of transitions kindergartners experience in a typical day. † (Dr. Martinez) Full day kindergarten also takes a huge cost out of many parents’ monthly budget including mine. Even though some people would be against this and say, â€Å"Why would I have to pay for your childcare? † I would say that many parents including myself pay taxes too. Their parents wanted them to have the best education that they could have gotten. Most importantly, I know that my son and many other children are getting the best out of their day while they are in school. They are having fun while they are learning. My son enjoys being in school. If he had a choice, he would go on Saturdays and Sundays. Children attending full day kindergarten spend the day learning instead of watching television or playing video games. Full-day kindergarten provides parents with better support for their children. According to NEA, â€Å"For parents who work outside the home, full-day kindergarten means that children do not have to be shuffled between home, school, and childcare. For all parents, there is more continuity and less disruption in the child’s day and more time for focused and independent learning. One study of parent attitudes found that after the second year of a full-day kindergarten program, 100 percent of full-day parents, and 72 percent of half-day parents noted that, if given the opportunity again, they would have chosen full-day kindergarten for their child†. (NEA). In conclusion, having full day kindergarten should be mandatory. There are many benefits of the full day kindergarten program. The benefits are not limited to the students. Teachers and parents also get great benefits out of the full day program. According to MaryBeth, â€Å"Research has shown that it is important to begin learning early in life. School systems that have implemented the academically based full day kindergarten are finding it to be successful. † (Calvin) If I had to choose again if a child of mine was going to go to full day or half-day kindergarten, I would not even have to think twice. A child’s education should be one of the most important things to think about. These children will be the future and they need a great education to get there. * Works Cited Calvin, MaryBeth. Expectations for Kindergarten in 2010. 3 February 2010. 3 March 2011. http://www. suite101. com/content/expectations-for-kindergarten-in-2010-a196473 Clark, Patricia. Recent Research on All Day Kindergarten. 2004. 4 March 2011. http://www. ericdigests. org/2002-1/kindergarten. html Debra J Ackerman, W. S. Making the Most of Kindergarten. March 2005. 4 March 2011. http://nieer. org/resources/policyreports/report4. pdf Janssen.

Snow White Gender Roles Essay Example for Free

Snow White Gender Roles Essay The story of Snow White begins as all other fairy tales. The lovely queen bares a beautiful little girl but doesn’t get the chance to see her grow up. Snow Whites father remarried a beautiful woman and she just knew she was the most beautiful woman ever. Snow White became older and her beauty began to show more and more as the days went by, more beauty then the queen had. Of course the queen became very upset with this and ordered that Snow White was killed so that she can take back her place as the prettiest in the land. The hunter found Snow White in the woods but he couldn’t kill her. He told her to run away and to never come back home and gave the queen a pig’s heart instead. Snow mad her way to a little cottage and stayed there until the queen found out what happened she found her and poisoned her. End the end the queen died and Snow was saved by her prince and rode off into the sunset. Now in this story there are many males’ roles and only two females and they have many roles they each portray in a fairy-tale. Snow White’s gender roles included; the evil queen, the hero, and the damsel in distress. The queen is usually mean throughout the entire story, but in this one she wasn’t always this way. When snow white was little the queen was a somewhat nice/decent person until she Johnson pg.2 realized her step daughter looked better than her. Now in reality this is possible maybe not in the since of the step mother killing the child but getting rid of them. They more envy she gives off the more disturbing she becomes because she is no longer focused on her on wellbeing but hurting someone else. Sometimes females get so carried up with what other girls are doing trying to make them look bad but they forget all about taking care of themselves. The queen thought that killing snow white would make her life easier but it only got worse every time she tried until she met her death. Women get to the point where trying to make someone else suffers and end being the one hurt in the end because they put too much effort. The hero in this story would be of course the handsome prince who saves little snow white and brings her back to life. In reality a woman’s hero is not necessarily someone who saves our live but the one who is there in our time of need. The prince knew nothing of snow white until he seen her in the glass coffin. He only shows up when she needs help kind of like now when a woman is need sometimes a nice man just comes along to help and to make our day better. The seven dwarfs were like family to snow. They gave her somewhere to stay and food to eat as long as she does the chores. In life if you have an issue there is always a family member that will take you and help you out through those hard times. Now as far as snow white herself would be the damsel in distress. A beautiful young lady who has someone out to get her but then is rescued by the man of her dreams. In her role there is nothing she can do except run away and let other want to they just were never taught to do so. A royal persons role in life is stand there give orders and to look nice. Therefore they don’t learn the basic roles of survival. So with the descriptions of all the characters we now see that the role of the men in this story is to protect Johnson pg. 3 roles of the women were to look pretty and do no outside work. The narrative’s point of view of snow white was kind of hard to understand but as I continued to read I understood exactly what he/she was trying to say. The witch from the narrator’s view was that she grew to be so evil is because snow became so beautiful so fast, she thought that everyone else would forget all about her and that she would never be loved again. The more the story went on the more jealous the queen got. It even got to the point to where she changed her identity just to set snow up for death. The narrator makes the queen seem like the absolute worst person on earth but she actually is just like any other woman who felt someone is threating her territory and took action to stop it. Snow White is supposed to be the typical princess who picks out the pretty dresses and waits for her handsome prince to come sweep her off her feet. The narrator describes her as the princess who has to work for what she wants. Princesses don’t run away from the castle because their step mother is trying to kill them. Snow had to hide herself in order to live. She had to find a home, food, and some way to support her until she got on her feet or found the prince she’s been looking for. The narrator described snow as a hard working young lady. She cooked, cleaned, and with the help of the animals she even redecorated the dwarf’s home. The prince in the narrator’s point of view is the one who knew what he was looking for he just didn’t know where to look for it until that day he found the little house sitting in the woods not knowing that he would find the love of his life lying in a glass casket. Although he wasn’t talked about much in this story, the narrator viewed him as brave young man who saved the most fairly of them all, and he was. Now the dwarfs in the narrator’s point of view were Johnson pg. 4 snow’s little helpers. Even though she found them first and kind of took over their home, they were still willing to let her in. They were sort of like her foster parents, how they looked after her and cared for her. Snow White has many descriptions on the actions that both sex in the story. For instance when the prince found snow she wasn’t in your typical big puffy ball gown dancing around the room with other women and she just so happen to stand out him. She was lying dead in a coffin made of glass and he fell in love with her there. When someone actually thinks about a prince finding his princess they don’t see him randomly going into the woods to find a coffin with a beautiful young lady lying their lifeless. She is supposed to be alive waiting on him to come to her home and take her as his wife. Princesses are to dressed in the most exquisite dresses and the long hair flowing down her back having everything she wants, snow wasn’t like that. Snow had on the simple little dress with short hair and in the story it seems like she didn’t actually get everything she wanted. She went through hell to get the man of her dreams from running from the hunter to the poison apple, even losing her mother when she a little girl. In society today the royal court isn’t really like the story at all. They don’t really have to work or do chores. Snow had to clean up after seven dirty men every day, that’s not a typical princess. Also when the queen dies and the king does remarry he doesn’t just put his child aside and worry only about his new wife. Snow’s father isn’t mentioned in this story really at all as if he just left soon as the mother died. Kind of like now how some kids start off with their father then one day he just up and disappears. The queen hiring someone to kill her stepchild, that Johnson pg. 5 doesn’t happen in the world today. The queen doesn’t really have the power to order someone be killed because it’s the king’s job. Snow found the dwarfs home in the woods and just walked in and started cleaning and eating, basically making herself at home. The dwarf’s come home expecting their home to be exactly the way it was when the left not for it to be cleaned, food cooked and for a strange woman to be in as if she belong there. In society today she would have went to jail for breaking and entering. The roles in this story are completely different not only in the world today, but from any other fairy there is today. The women actually took charge and worked for what they wanted. And as for the men they set back and watch the women proceed through out day to day making sure everything that needs to be done gets done, not your everyday royal family.

Alfred Hitchcock And Rear Window

Alfred Hitchcock And Rear Window Before Hitchcock became a world-famous director, he was an art director and a set designer. As a result of these experiences, he made huge effort in the design of the set of Rear Window. The set of design in Rear Window can be defined as theatrical, showing only few sets: Jeffs apartment, the courtyard, the complex building, and the tightly street from Jeffs apartment view. Essentially, all of them have no connection but Hitchcock used the cinematic technology to connect Jeffs story and his neighbor. Besides the cinematic technology, Jeffs neurotic or psychotic behavior connects the neighbor in the story of the movie. There are two kinds of narrations Jeff and Hitchcock. The narrative story is about Jeff and Hitchcock points of view and perspective of the neighbor. In some level, it means the reflection of Jeffs feeling and the exploration of the relationship between omniscient (Hitchcock) and subjective (Jeff) narrators. From Rear Window, both of the narrators (i.e. Hitchcock and J eff) reflects Jeff psychological conditions such as anxiety because of career and marriage from the neighbors life through the cinematic technology such as camera movement, framing and editing. The sequence from 2:25-3:32 shows Jeffs anxiety, ambivalence and desire mainly about his career through the camera cuts to various windows of neighbor. The sequence starts when Jeff is sleeping; therefore the camera movement is Hitchcocks prospective. Compare to Jeffs point of view shots in the movie, the camera movement of Hitchcock narration is more mobile. Jeffs narration is shot reaction shot, it reflects his immobility because of his broken leg. On the other hand, Hitchcock as omniscient narrator narrates through the camera movement to engage us in the cause and effect logic to assemble Jeffs story and background; so the audience can understand why Jeff attempted to do later of the films. Hitchcock simply introduced Jeffs neighbor to the audience around the courtyard. Actually he is telling the story of Jeff to the audience. First, the camera cuts to the studio of songwriter who turned off the radio. He turns it off because the announcers question struck the songwriters anxiety. At the same time, the question about the marriage of Lisa causes anxiety to Jeff. He doubts if he is not the right man for Lisa. The photos in her apartment showed that he loves freedom and adventure. More importantly, he is not as rich as Lisa. Therefore he cannot provide the quality of that Lisa is used to be. He is no longer young and he doesnt have a studio. Both of them evade their problems. The songwriter turns off the radio because he doesnt want to face his problem. He thinks there is no way to solve the problem. At the same time, Jeff has no confidence on taking care Lisa as a photographer. It is one of the reasons why he refused Lisas engagement later. Miss Torso showed when the camera continues to pan left after the songwriter, and the childless couples. It is a long shot of her dancing practice in the apartment. The camera focused on her leg that reflected Jeffs desire of physical freedom and his broken leg. He is forced to be immobile; therefore he cannot pursue his goal. He worries about being able to renew his artistic abilities as a photographer after his recovery. Jeff admires the dancer because of the huge efforts she exerted while dancing. He also wants to practice as hard as the dancer. As a photographer, it is shame that he cant take photo in front of the attractive girl; therefore he chose to voyeur. Furthermore, the attractive dancer holds the attention of both Jeff and audiences. In many cases, female characters are the visual pleasure of males in many Hollywood movies. Voyeurism in Rear Window is largely a masculine activity. Jeff understands that unlike the relationship, there is no responsibility after his voyeur. He would rather watch Miss Torso than touch the women next to him. It shows how he tries to escape the marriage and the love of Lisa. Also, Rear Window exposed the psychological obsession of the society. Besides that, Laura Mulvey intensively analyzed the serious voyeurism of Jeff and even Hitchcock in her article called The Oppositional Gaze where she reveals that when Lisa across to the salesman apartment from Jeff apartment, their relationship changed dramatically. It is the first time he uses the lens to voyeur Lisa in distant which is comparable to his voyeurism to Miss Torso. Nevertheless, Mulvey claims that voyeurism is a positive practice. She borrowed Freu ds idea to describe that the audience projects the repressed desire to the female or female character through the point of view editing and identifying the spectator. Most part of the movie are in Jeffs and Hitchcocks point of view. It completely clarifies how the unconscious patriarchal society constructed much of the events in the film. According to Woolrich, the movie is all about women and violence. The scholar Anthony J. Mazzella claims that Apart from the murder victim, the mistress, the forerunner of Miss Lonelyhearts, and the newlywed wife, there are no major women characters in the story. There is no Miss Torsoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ no Lisa Carol Fremont. (63) The role of women play in the movie is for the male gaze and satisfying the audiences voyeurism. Mazzella informs that in the movie, Mrs. Thorwald was chopped and scattered in the East River. On the other hand, Mr. Thorwald buried her whole body apartment building. The story of film is more attractive to the audience when Jeffs story links with more violence, women then Woolrichs story only links to violence. The next camera sees the children playing, dancing and laughing around the street- cleaning truck wherein the children can cool off by the spray of the truck. Hitchcock is telling through this shot that Jeff is longing. Jeff wants to be like the children who can cool off by the truck in the hot and moist weather. The function of this shot is a wish- an expression of Jeffs desire. Jeff is forced at home already six weeks. He looks like the bird in the cage which showed in the camera before moving back into Jeffs apartment and bringing the prospective from Hitchcock to Jeff. These images function like a mirror to project desires and fears from Jeffs psyche After Hitchcocks prospective of Jeffs feeling, it is point to another scene of Jeff. Now, it is Jeffs turn to tell his psyche about marriage to the audience reflect from his neighbor. In the dialogue with the visiting nurse, Stella; Jeff stated again that Lisa would not be able to adapt his adventurous life, but the truth is that he is afraid that he cannot adapt himself to her needs since he is the exact opposite in her love of fashion, comfort and wealth. It reflected on the newlyweds on the left. Although Jeff feels good about the marriage from the newlyweds in the first time; he slowly realized that the young wifes sexual demands increases and the husband find it difficult to satisfy. In this movie, most of the female characters such as the young wife, Mrs. Thorwald, Miss Lonelyhearts and Lisa rely on the male and asking something from man. The young wife increasing sexual demands, Mrs. Thorwalds constant need for attention from Mr. Thorwald, Miss Lonelyheartss desire of love, an d Lisas desire of stable marriage are showed and threatened Jeff. In the point of view editing links Jeff and the Thorwalds during the phone conversation with Gunnison, his editor at the magazine. It is the first time in the movie that the dialogue and the visual action coincide. As they talk off- screen about marriage, the camera shows Mr. Thorwald and Mrs. Thorwald are arguing. The bad marriage and estrangement relationship also shows in the decoration of the Thorwalds apartment. They occupy separate rooms- Mr. Thorwald, the living room; Mrs. Thorwald, the bedroom. Additionally, the colors of the walls of these rooms are different wherein Mrs. Thorwalds bedroom was painted in a cool color while Mr. Thorwalds living room is painted with warm color. It means Mrs. Thorwald feels suffering and depressing on the invalid and the disloyalty of herhusband. Although Mr. Thorwald suffers the nagging from his wife, he has a mistress; therefore, the color is in warm tone. In Jeffs perception of the Thorwalds marriage is a kind of prison or like a bird trappe d inside the cage. Jeff and Thorwalds are denied of the freedom to move. It refers not only his present immobility of his broken leg but also to his possible marriage to Lisa. The mirroring of shots of dinner with Lisa is more complex than the conversation between Jeff and Gunnison. The dinner shot was built around a pattern of alternation from story- space to story- space or from Jeff as actor to Jeff as spectator. The editing here is same as other point of view shots to establish Jeffs voyeuristic interest in his neighbor. As Lisa prepares dinner for Jeff, Jeff watches Miss Lonelyhearts and links the implicit similarity between her and Lisa who are preparing dinner for a man who is not really here for them. Furthermore when Lisa begins to set the table for dinner, Jeff also looks at Thorwalds who is having dinner. Jeff and Mrs. Thorwald have the implicit similarity which they rebuffed their partners dinner preparing. It shows the relationship of Jeff and Lisa is as worst as the Thorwalds. The Thorwalds marriage made Jeff not to believe in marriage. He doesnt want his marriage look be the same as the Thorwalds; therefore, he denied it to Lisa. Jeff identi fies himself and Mr. Thorwald as unstable men. Jeff likes to take adventure to seek the art and Mr. Thorwald just wants to fool around. Hitchcocks great achievement in the period of his career was showed by Rear Window. Through the narration of Hitchcock and Jeff, the audience realizes Jeffs changing. Before, he likes to put himself in risk and adventure as showed in the photos in the apartment. Jeff develops the narration of Hitchcock by his investigation of the murder case. Finally, Jeff paid the cost of voyeur which his two legs are broken. He decides not voyeur and sleep peacefully. In the final shot about the neighbor is the newlywed wife nagging the husband by Hitchcocks narration. It tells us although the Thorwalds story is end (the new point cover over the bloodstained wall), the problems in marriage does not end and seems to be a repetition of situation between the Thorwalds. These different narrative voices produced a layered narration. Hitchcock provides different mediating agencies to tell story which audience can classify the narrators between omniscient (Hitchcock) and subjective (Jeff). Work Cited Raubicheck, Walter., and Srebnick Walter, ed. Hitchcocks Rereleased Films. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991. Print. Mulvey, Laura. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Oxford University Press, 1975. Print.

My Relationship With Alcohol Essay -- Alcohol Use

Question: Name two prevalent authorities in your life that have shaped how you use, or do not use, alcohol. Explain how and why they have shaped you so. The strongest and most influential person who modeled alcohol use in my childhood was a male relative. I was not completely aware of many of these impacts until adolescence. As a child, I did not know what alcoholism was, I just assumed that the Beefeater Gin stench coming from my relative was his cologne. However, as I grew older and was exposed to a greater variety of people and circumstances, I slowly became aware of alcoholism. I began to incorporate the new experiences I had in relation to alcohol use with a deeper understanding of my extended family. This new awareness was unsettling and painful to me. Many of my relatives were alcoholics. There was never a family brunch, dinner, or casual gathering that was not centered around alcohol. The excessive and consistent reliance on alcohol fueled the arguments and shouting matches I witnessed between my male relatives. Their arguments were always laden with racist, sexi...

Terry Tempest Williams Essay -- Author Authors Terry Tempest Williams

Terry Tempest Williams Born to a Mormon family and raised in Utah, Terry Tempest Williams’ being is rooted in her religion and the wild of the desert. These two elements compound to shape her identity, although their co-existence does not always reside in harmony. In 1983, the Great Salt Lake began to swallow Williams’ beloved bird sanctuary. Simultaneously, her mother learns that she has cancer. This juncture in time signals a major turning point in the course of her life. While, unable to stop the steady rise in the lake, Williams is unable to keep her mother on this Earth. After a round of chemotherapy and a bout of radiation, her mother decides to discontinue treatment and live out her final weeks in peace. Her mother’s attitude reflects Mormonism; this trust in religion gives her the strength to persevere, and Williams recognizes her mother’s incredible faith. Mormonism carries her mother and the family through the cancer, but its teachings fail to satisfy Williams’ personal needs. Her mother acted as her connection to Mormonism, and without her there, Williams looks to other places for solace. Her mother lives her death in conjunction with Mormon tradition, which she tries to share with her daughter. Mormonism values the family unit as the central source for love and support, in times of serenity and times of need. The family also depends on the greater community for help. They exist within one another, tangled in a web of support looking after all members of the Church (James). Incidentally, her mother’s cancer is felt by the entire family. They are all sick; they all fight; they all have to accept death. In the final days, Williams notes that â€Å"touch is more important than ever† (220). She consciously holds her moth... ... Mormonism belonged to her mother, acting as the glue of the family. Alone, Williams seeks out new sources of comfort and hope. She hasn’t abandoned her religion; rather, she’s augmenting her faith. Her mother has given her the core values of Mormonism, modeling herself as an example of a pious woman. Her faith did not die with her mother. Rather, Williams confirms its presence in her life by testing its veracity against her needs. The Day of the Dead provides a tangible means of engaging her grief, fulfilling Williams’ needs at that time. In the Mexican tradition, mourners form paths of petals in the streets, leading to an altar in their homes. These makeshift paths lead their loved ones to return to their families (Salvador 75-76). In the final sentences of the book, Williams scatters marigold petals on the water’s surface, inviting her mother to return to her. Terry Tempest Williams Essay -- Author Authors Terry Tempest Williams Terry Tempest Williams Born to a Mormon family and raised in Utah, Terry Tempest Williams’ being is rooted in her religion and the wild of the desert. These two elements compound to shape her identity, although their co-existence does not always reside in harmony. In 1983, the Great Salt Lake began to swallow Williams’ beloved bird sanctuary. Simultaneously, her mother learns that she has cancer. This juncture in time signals a major turning point in the course of her life. While, unable to stop the steady rise in the lake, Williams is unable to keep her mother on this Earth. After a round of chemotherapy and a bout of radiation, her mother decides to discontinue treatment and live out her final weeks in peace. Her mother’s attitude reflects Mormonism; this trust in religion gives her the strength to persevere, and Williams recognizes her mother’s incredible faith. Mormonism carries her mother and the family through the cancer, but its teachings fail to satisfy Williams’ personal needs. Her mother acted as her connection to Mormonism, and without her there, Williams looks to other places for solace. Her mother lives her death in conjunction with Mormon tradition, which she tries to share with her daughter. Mormonism values the family unit as the central source for love and support, in times of serenity and times of need. The family also depends on the greater community for help. They exist within one another, tangled in a web of support looking after all members of the Church (James). Incidentally, her mother’s cancer is felt by the entire family. They are all sick; they all fight; they all have to accept death. In the final days, Williams notes that â€Å"touch is more important than ever† (220). She consciously holds her moth... ... Mormonism belonged to her mother, acting as the glue of the family. Alone, Williams seeks out new sources of comfort and hope. She hasn’t abandoned her religion; rather, she’s augmenting her faith. Her mother has given her the core values of Mormonism, modeling herself as an example of a pious woman. Her faith did not die with her mother. Rather, Williams confirms its presence in her life by testing its veracity against her needs. The Day of the Dead provides a tangible means of engaging her grief, fulfilling Williams’ needs at that time. In the Mexican tradition, mourners form paths of petals in the streets, leading to an altar in their homes. These makeshift paths lead their loved ones to return to their families (Salvador 75-76). In the final sentences of the book, Williams scatters marigold petals on the water’s surface, inviting her mother to return to her.

Assessing the Goal of Sports Products, Inc Essay

Sports Products Inc. is a large producer of boating equipments and accessories. The two key players within this organization is Loren Segura who works as a Clerical assistant in the accounting department and Dale Johnson who works in the shipping department. Both team members had a concern about the company profits and was equally concerned about the stocks declining in value therefore, Loren and Dale try to strategize what is important to management and how the current options affect their pay directly. (Gitman,2009) Solution a. What should the management of Sports Products, Inc. pursue as its overriding goal? Why? Sports Products Inc. will definitely want to maximize their shareholders wealth, which should be the most important goal of an organization although; profit is required to increase the dividends of the company. The managers in Sports Products Inc. must focus on how the organization will continue to profit however; shareholders wealth will increase or maximize while they focus on maintaining their status of providing excellent boating equipment and accessories to their clientele. The firm will also need to come up with a way to incorporate pollution control for the existing problems and a way to pay the additional cost it will incur. The study indicates that the firm has never paid any cash dividends in their twenty-year history and this is how stockholders receive their profit from the organizations earnings. Shareholders fall secondary when it comes to receiving cash dividends or profit because, a shareholder only profits after everyone else in line has received their payments such as the organizations creditors, or suppliers which explains why Sports Products Inc. is being sued by various officials for dumping waste in adjacent streams. The company has chosen not invest in paying for pollution control as this will increase cost to the company and lower the company profit margin. By the shareholders, owning the firm places them at a greater risk and by them owing other companies for risking pollution no one will want to invest in the company although, the profits are rising there is no increase in the firm’s stock price. b. Does the firm appear to have an agency problem? Explain. There does appear to be an agency problem because, regardless of Dales and Loren efforts to manage their jobs by trying not to waste packaging material and performing their job as cost-effective as possible the stock price is still declining $2 per share over a 9 month period which is a large decline under a year time-frame. The company also, does not seem to be concerned about incorporating a pollution control program because; the company is concerned over the cost to themselves and their company profit margin. c. Evaluate the firm’s approach to pollution control. Does it seem to be ethical? Why might incurring the expense to control pollution be in the best interests of the firm’s owners despite its negative effect on profits? To be honest, I am unsure why this would happen ethically. Sports Products Inc. will eventually have to take responsibility on a higher level if these other companies go through with the lawsuits. Therefore, the organization will be forced into either incorporating a pollution control plan or paying fines, which will reduce shareholders wealth even more because, at this point the shareholders cannot receive anything until their creditors are paid in full. d. Does the firm appear to have an effective corporate governance structure? Explain any shortcomings. The structure of Sports Products Inc. appears poorly structured. The management teams are not focused on the shareholders wealth at all. The management structure wants to maintain company profit to break even however, they are not concerned about dumping waste into streams or, creating a pollution control plan. The company is not assuring their stockholders wealth is maximized and if they have not paid cash dividends in 20 years they are just trying to stay in business however, they are not taking care of their employees who work from them everyday nor, does the company have the shareholders best interest at heart. e. On the basis of the information provided, what specific recommendations would You offer the firm? Based on the case study I would recommend Sports Products Inc. forming a better plan that will not just break even however, strategize how to incorporate a pollution control program that will be cost-effective and not affect profits if possible. I would recommend that they incorporate better ethical values that will show integrity to their constituents and internal employees. The organization will need to continue to profit but they also, need to ensure that the shareholders get a piece of the pie in addition, to changing the standards that have been in place for 20 years.

Department of biology Essay

INTRODUCTION: Every cells of living organism contains genetic materials known as deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA. It can be isolated from tissue sample of living things by separating it from other cellular component in a manner that still preserves its structures. The structure of DNA is double-stranded helices that made up from the monomer of nucleotides. Each of the nucleotides composed of three parts that are the phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar backbone and also nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine). This nitrogenous base are arranged in sequence and holds the information and coding for controlling the physical trait that we all have as well as the regulation of our body. DNA extraction is simply a process that results in separation of DNA from the cells or viruses that are hosting it. Through the meaning is simple but the process is not. When we go into the peculiar details of DNA extraction, we realize that it’s more of an initial stage in other intensive DNA testing processes. DNA test could be performed for any reason; however for any DNA testing to happen the first stage normally is the isolation and extraction of DNA molecules from the cells that they reside in. DNA extraction follows a series of step, stripping all proteins from the DNA and the extraction protocols have to make sure that the DNA thus obtained via isolation and extraction is of high or acceptable quality. DNA isolation is a process of purification of DNA from sample using a combination of physical and chemical methods. Currently it is a routine procedure in molecular biology or forensic analysis. Primary structure consists of linear sequence of nucleotides that are linked together by phospodiester bonds. It is the linear sequence of nucleotides that make up the primary structure of DNA. Specific techniques must be chosen for isolation of DNA from some samples such as samples from microorganisms with thick cellular wall, for example yeast. Biological DNA represents the information which directs the functions of a living thing. A. Yeast DNA Extraction Materials : 1 packet of dry yeast, Sodium chloride, Meat tenderizer, Ice cold 95% ethanol, Sunlight detergent, distilled water, blender, graduate cylinders ( 10mL, 100mL and 500mL ), Beaker ( 250mL, 100mL ), glass stirring rod and wooden sticks, 15mL test tube, test tube rack, 1 ,l pipette and blue tips. Method: 1. 1 packet of dry yeast was mixed with 40ml of 50Â °C tap water. The yeast was stir to dissolve and the mixture was leave and covered for 20 minutes. 2. Salt/detergent solution was prepared by adding 40 ml detergent and 40g NaCl to 360ml distilled water. The solution was mixed till dissolved. 3. 5% meat tenderizer solutions were prepared by adding 5g of meat tenderizer to 80 ml of distilled water. The solution was top up to 100 ml with distilled water. *salt / detergent solution and meat tenderizer solution is prepared once for Part A, B and C. *alternatively, 5% meat tenderizer solution may be substitute with 100 ml of fresh papaya juice or pineapple juice. 4. 40 ml of yeast mixture and 40 ml of salt/detergent solutions was placed in a blender and was blended at high speed for 2 minutes. 5. The solution was pour into the beaker and 15ml of meat tenderizer solution was added. The solution was stir to mix. 6. The mixture was leave at room temperature for 5 minutes. 7. A cheese cloth was place over a filter funnel. The mixture was pour over the filter funnel and the clear supernatant was collected. 8. 3 ml of clear solutions was transfer into a 15ml tube. 9. The test tube was tilted to a 45 degree position. 3 ml of 95% ice cold ethanol was gently added to the side of the tube. 10. The test tube was leave undisturbed for 3-5 minutes. A layer will be formed in the tube. 11. DNA precipitate was formed at the interphase layer. A wooden stick was used to swirl the DNA out Result : Table A(i) : Yeast DNA Extraction B. Onion DNA Extraction Materials : Fresh onion, salt detergent solution, meat tenderizer solution, ice cold 95% ethanol, distilled water, blender, graduated cylinders (10 ml and 100 ml), glass stirring rod and wooden sticks, 15 ml test tube, test tube rack, 1 ml pipette and blue tips. Method : 1. The prepared salt/detergent solutions and meat tenderizer solution from part A was gathered. 2. 3 medium sized onions were cut into an inch cube and were placed in a blender. 3. 100 ml of salt/detergent solution was added in a blender. 4. The solution was blended at high speed for 2 minutes. 5. A cheese cloth was placed over filter funnel. The mixtures were poured over the filter funnel and the clear supernatant was collected. 6. The clear solution was transfer into a beaker and 30 ml of meat tenderizer solution was added. 7. The mixtures were leave at room temperature for 5 minutes. 8. 3 ml of clear solutions was transfer into a 15 ml tube. 9. The test tube was tilted to a 45 degree position. 3 ml of 95% ice cold ethanol was gently added to the side of the tube. 10. The test tube was leave undisturbed for 3-5 minutes. A layer will be formed in the tube. 11. DNA precipitate was formed at the interphase layer. A wooden stick was used to swirl the DNA out. Result : Table B(i) : Onion DNA Extraction C. Apple and Orange DNA extraction Materials : Fresh apple, fresh orange, salt detergent solution, meat tenderizer solution, ice cold 95% ethanol, distilled water, blender, graduated cylinder ( 10 ml and 100 ml ), glass stirring rod and wooden sticks, 15 ml test tube, test tube rack, 1 ml pipette and blue tips. Methods : 1. The prepared salt/detergent solutions and meat tenderizer solution from part A was gathered. 2. An apple / orange were cut into an inch cube and were placed in blender. 3. 100 ml salt/detergent solutions were added in a blender. 4. The solution was blended at high speed for 2 minutes. 5. A cheese cloth was placed over filter funnel. The mixtures were poured over the filter funnel and the clear supernatant was collected. 6. The clear solution was transfer into a beaker and 30 ml of meat tenderizer solution was added. 7. The mixtures were leave at room temperature for 5 minutes. 8. 3 ml of clear solutions was transfer into a 15 ml tube. 9. The test tube was tilted to a 45 degree position. 3 ml of 95% ice cold ethanol was gently added to the side of the tube. 10. The test tube was leave undisturbed for 3-5 minutes. A layer will be formed in the tube. 11. DNA precipitate was formed at the interphase layer. A wooden stick was used to swirl the DNA out. Result : Table C(i) : Orange DNA Extraction Table C (ii) : Apple DNA Extraction RESULT ALL OF EXPERIMENTS: Sample Extraction Amount Apple Success Large Onion Success Small Orange Success Small Yeast Success Small DISCUSSION: Based on our experiment discussion, we obtained that the difference amount of DNA extraction from yeast, onion, apple and orange is different. The amount of apple DNA extraction is larger than onion, orange and apple DNA extraction. Each step of the process will help in a certain way to extract DNA, until we are finally successful in the end. In the yeast, extraction, the ethanol will be able to separate the DNA and it will float between the less dense ethanol and the denser homogenizing mixture. In the onion DNA extraction, the chloroform and homogenizing medium will help break down the cell membranes and the ethanol like in the yeast DNA extraction. It will cause the DNA to separate and be suspended in the interface between the two solutions. It will be same to apple and orange DNA extraction. The precaution step on this experiments we tilt 45Â º to add the ethanol. This is because it will form a layer on top of the sample because the ethanol is less than water. So, it does will be on the top of layer. We also used 50ï‚ ° of hot water in yeast solution. Its will formed the best of result because hot water is the optimum temperature for yeast. We also obtained about perceptions step why only clear solution produced in these experiments. Its means the extraction was failed. CONCLUSION: REFERENCES: http://www.whatisdna.net/dna-extraction.html http://classic.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb5/Labs/DNA_Extraction_Lab/dna_extraction_lab.html#predictions http://sciencehk.weebly.com/lab-reports.html ANSWER AND QUESTION: Answer all the questions. 1. Describe the functions of following: a. Applying blender to sample and salt/detergent solutions Strain the DNA mixture. b. Salt Salty water helps the DNA precipitate (solidify and appear) when alcohol is added. c. Detergent Detergents are used to break down cell walls and nuclear membranes to release the DNA. They work by chemically poking holes in the cell membranes or walls. Once holes are poked in the membranes, the membranes can be further distrupted mechanically, as with a blander. After that, it’s easier to get the contents of the cell out, including the DNA, d. Meat tenderizer solutions Meat tenderizer acts as an enzyme. The DNA in the nucleus of the cell is moulded, folded, and protected by proteins. The meat tenderizer cuts the proteins away from the DNA. e. 95% ice cold ethanol Having ice cold ethanol only increases the rate of precipitation of DNA and helps increase yield of DNA. It can either use room temp or ice cold ethanol for DNA precipitation. Think about precipitation of a super concentrated solution as you decrease the temperature. As the temperature decreases, the amount of precipitation increases. Overall temperature affects solubility. As temperature decreases the substance becomes more insoluble (in general. this does not apply to every molecule). So, ice cold EtOH allows for more DNA to interact together and allow for a more rapid and efficient precipitation of DNA. 2. Compare the reliability amount of DNA obtained from all the samples. The reliability amount of DNA obtained from apple is much larger compared to Reliability amount of DNA from onion, orange and apple. 3. Write out the principle involved in DNA extraction. – Break open cells by mashing the fruit. – Dissolve organelles and cell membranes with detergent. – Separate DNA from proteins with salt – Filter out the clumps with a coffee filter – DNA precipitates in cold alcohol and is spooled out.

Writing and Main Point

Here are four examples of how to start your essay with a strong main point: My dream is to become a civil engineer. Ever since I was a child with a Logo set, I have enjoyed building things. Engineering would let me express my love for creating things, and allow me to apply my science and math skills. In the future, I would like to become a teacher. Teaching seems like the perfect match for me because I enjoy working with children and teaching them new skills. Also, my own teachers have played an important role in my life and I hope to do the same for other students in the future. I want to become a chef Just like Sam Choc.To me, cooking is very creative and although it can look easy from the outside, it is often very dif cult to do well. Plus, I love to eat! Although I'm not sure what Job I will have, I do know that it will be in the FL led of medicine. I have learned a lot about nursing from my aunt, who has inspired me to consider a career in medicine. What will be one or two main points of YOUR essay? STEP 3: construct your Story The heart of your essay will be the stories and details you use to support your main point. Good examples also bring your main point to life and make your essay memorable.Notice how the essay is built up, in the example: Focus of essay: My dream Job is to be a crime scene investigator. This Job would combine my love of science with the challenge of solving a real life mystery. Details: I have always enjoyed science. This year I am taking Chemistry and have learned how various chemicals react and how you can test for the presence of different chemicals. Reading detective novels is a favorite pastime. It's a challenge to FL guru out â€Å"who did it. † Real life detective work would be much more exciting . I watch CSS every week. It's amazing how the simplest clue can lead to the arrest of a criminal.Just one tiny FL beer from the assailant's Jacket can lead to his capture. Law enforcement helps to keep the community safe. CSS detectives make sure that criminals do not get away with their crimes. STEP 4: End strong End your essay by shining a new light on the main point you started with, or leave the reader with something interesting to think about. Here are three examples: Medicine is a very honorable profession, since it seeks to help those who need it the most. I am looking forward to becoming a pre-med major in college and taking the first step toward becoming a doctor.Seeing people enjoy my cooking is one of the best feelings in the world. Becoming a chef is one way I can spread this Joy to many more. Hopefully someday I will even have my own restaurant named after me! Being a police officer, like my father, has always seemed like a dream. Going to college will not only make this dream possible, but it will also help me to reach my lifelong goal. STEP 5: Hear it O Try to put down your draft for a day so you can look at it with a fresh eye. Read your essay out loud and ask yourself and helpers (teache rs, friends, relatives, essay coaches) the following questions: Ђ Does it start with a bang?Does the first sentence make you want to read more? Do you know from the beginning what the essay is going to be about? Were you able to follow the story? Did you get lost anywhere along the way? Did it follow a logical order, or skip back and forth in a confusing way? Were there questions that came up that didn't get answered? Were there any words that you heard too many times? (Try to avoid using the same word twice in the same sentence. ) Was it interesting? Were there parts that could be livened up? Was it too long? Which parts should you cut out? Ђ Is it too short?